1  鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ョ殑鏁堢敤

        鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ュ惈鏈夎純楂樼殑鏈夋(j墨)鐗╄唱(zh矛)浠ュ強鍏锋湁鐗瑰畾鍔熻兘鐨勫井鐢熺墿锛岃┎椤炶偉鏂欏叿鏈夋敼鑹湡澹�銆佹彁楂樺湡澹よ偉鍔�銆佹笡杓曚綔鐗╃梾锜插銆佹彁楂樿静(n贸ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲忚垏鐢�(ch菐n)閲忕瓑鏂归潰鐨勬晥鐢ㄨ垏鍎�(y艒u)榛�銆�

        1.1  鏀瑰杽鍦熷￥鐠�(hu谩n)澧冭垏鎻愰珮鑲ュ姏

        鏂界敤鏈夋(j墨)鑲ュ悗鍙鍔犲湡澹ょ殑鏈夋(j墨)璩�(zh矛)鍚噺锛岃€屼笖閭勮兘瑁�(b菙)鍏呮鐗╂墍闇€瑕佺殑椁�(y菐ng)鍒嗐€傛湁姗�(j墨)鐗╃稉(j墨ng)寰敓鐗╁垎瑙ｅ悗褰㈡垚鑵愭畺閰�锛岃兘鏀瑰杽鍦熷￥绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽鍔犲湡澹や腑鏈夌泭寰敓鐗╃殑鍚噺锛屽叾涓殑瑙ｇ７銆佽В閴€绱�(x矛)鑿岃兘鏈夋晥娲诲寲琚湡澹ゅ浐瀹氱殑椁�(y菐ng)鍒�锛岀偤浣滅墿鐢熼暦鎻愪緵閬╁疁鐨勭敓闀风挵(hu谩n)澧僛1]銆傚彟澶�锛屽湡澹ゆ湁姗�(j墨)璩�(zh矛)鐩存帴褰遍熆钁楀湡澹ょ殑淇濊偉鎬с€佷繚姘存€�銆佷繚婧€�銆佺珐娌栨€у拰閫氭埃鎬х瓑銆�

        1.2  鏀瑰杽鍦熷￥寰敓鎱�(t脿i)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冿紝鐧�(f膩)鎻井鐢熺墿鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍕�

        鍔犳湁鍔熻兘鑿岀殑鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ュ惈鏈夊浐姘弻銆佺閰搁菇绱�(x矛)鑿�銆佹憾纾峰井鐢熺墿銆佸厜鍚堢窗(x矛)鑿屽強鍋囧柈鑳炶弻绛変竴浜涙湁鐩婅弻锛屼娇鍦熷￥涓殑寰敓鎱�(t脿i)绯荤当(t菕ng)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐧�(f膩)鐢熶簡鏀硅畩锛屽寮�(qi谩ng)浜嗗叾鍥烘爱銆佹憾纾枫€佽В閴€绛夎兘鍔沎2]锛屽彲鍏呭垎鐧�(f膩)鎻悇椤炲姛鑳藉井鐢熺墿鐨勫劒(y艒u)鍕�锛岃(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)浣滅墿鏍归殯鑿岀兢骞宠　锛屾姂鍒剁梾鍘熻弻绯诲垪锛岄€�(j矛n)鑰屽寮�(qi谩ng)浜嗚静(n贸ng)浣滅墿鎶楃梾锜插鐨勮兘鍔涖€�

        1.3  鎻愰珮杈�(n贸ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺敘(ch菐n)閲�锛屾敼鍠勪綔鐗╁搧璩�(zh矛)

        鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ヤ腑鐨勫井鐢熺墿鍦ㄧ櫦(f膩)閰靛煿椁�(y菐ng)鐨勪唬璎濋亷绋嬩腑锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熶簡澶ч噺娲绘€х墿璩�(zh矛)锛屽姘ㄥ熀閰告垨NH4+銆佺董鐢熺礌銆佽丹闇夌礌鍙婄窗(x矛)鑳炲垎瑁傜礌绛�锛屽彲鍒烘縺鏍圭郴鐧�(f膩)鑲�锛屼笖鐕熼(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鏄撲簬妞嶇墿绱�(x矛)鑳炲悎鎴�锛屼績閫�(j矛n)浜嗕綔鐗╃敓闀凤紝浣跨敘(ch菐n)鍝佸搧璩�(zh矛)鏀瑰杽銆�

        2  鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ョ殑鍘熸枡

        鎴戝湅缍滃悎鍒╃敤鍥洪珨寤㈡鐗╃敓鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ョ殑鍘熸枡閬哥敤锛屼竴鏂归潰鑰冩叜鍏舵湁姗�(j墨)璩�(zh矛)鐨勬垚鍒�銆佸惈閲忥紝鎵€鍚殑鐕熼(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)銆佸厓绱狅紱鍙︿竴鏂归潰鑰冩叜鍏舵槸鍚︾鍚堥€�(j矛n)琛岀敓鐗╁爢鑲ョ殑姊濅欢鎴栬姹�銆傜洰鍓嶏紝鎴戝湅涓昏閲囩敤鐨勭敓鐢�(ch菐n)鍘熸枡鏈夛細鍩庡競姹℃按铏曠悊寤犵殑姹℃偿銆佺敓娲诲瀮鍦俱€佺鐣滅碁渚�銆佷綔鐗╃Ц绋�銆侀厭绮惧粻鎴栭唻寤犵瓑鐨勫虎閱╂恫銆佺叅鐭哥煶銆佺矇鐓ょ伆绛�銆傚湪鍏烽珨鐨勭敓鐢�(ch菐n)宸ヨ棟涓紝鍙伕鐢ㄥ叾涓殑涓€绋垨骞剧ó浣滅偤鍘熸枡銆傚皪浜庡绋墿鏂欑殑閰嶅悎浣跨敤锛屽彲鎸夊叾鍚勮嚜鐨勬湁姗�(j墨)璩�(zh矛)銆佺嚐椁�(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍚噺閬哥敤鍚堥仼鐨勯厤姣�锛屽苟鍏呭垎楂旂従(xi脿n)涓嶅悓绲勫垎鍦ㄧ敓鐗╂湁姗�(j墨)鑲ヤ腑鐨勬晥鐢�锛屼互婊胯冻鍚勯鎴栦笉鍚岀敤閫旂殑鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ョ殑闇€姹傘€傛瘮濡�锛屽北瑗跨渷闄芥硥甯傛煇杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)绉戞妧闁嬬櫦(f膩)鏈夐檺鍏徃鐨勭敓鐗╂湁姗�(j墨)寰�(f霉)鍚堣偉闋呯洰锛屽叾涓昏鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鍘熸枡鐐虹敓娲绘薄娉ワ紙鍗�70%锛�銆侀洖绯烇紙鍗�15%锛�銆侀ⅷ(f膿ng)鍖栫叅锛堝崰5%锛�銆侀唻閱╋紙鍗�5%锛夈€佽洯鐭筹紙鍗�5%锛�锛屽叾涓敓娲绘薄娉ユ槸浣滅偤鑲ユ枡鐨勫熀璩�(zh矛)锛岄洖绯炵瓑鍙鍔犳湁姗�(j墨)璩�(zh矛)锛屽悓鏅傛彁楂樻爱纾烽墍鐨勫惈閲�锛岃€岃洯鐭崇殑浣滅敤鍦ㄤ簬鍙枏鏉惧湡澹ゃ€佷繚鎸佹按鍒�銆�

        3  鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ユ妧琛�(sh霉)

        3.1  鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鍘熺悊

        浠ュ浐楂斿虎妫勭墿鐐轰富瑕佸師鏂欑敓鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ワ紝鐩墠澶氶噰鐢ㄧ殑鏄爢鑲ユ妧琛�(sh霉)锛岀壒鍒ユ槸濂芥哀鍫嗚偉锛岃┎鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍏锋湁鍒嗚В姘у寲杓冪偤寰瑰簳锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熸儭鑷純灏戠殑鐗归粸銆傚爢鑲ユ妧琛�(sh霉)鏄埄鐢ㄥ井鐢熺墿鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ厛灏囧浐寤腑鏄撹厫鍖栫殑鏈夋(j墨)鐗╄唱(zh矛)閫�(j矛n)琛屽垎瑙�锛岃綁(zhu菐n)璁婃垚瀵屽惈鏈夋(j墨)璩�(zh矛)鍜屽惈鏈変竴瀹氶噺姘�銆佺７銆侀墍绛夌嚐椁�(y菐ng)鍏冪礌鐨勭啛鏂�锛岀劧鍚庢牴鎿�(j霉)鍦熷￥鑷劧鐢熸厠(t脿i)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗归粸鍜岃静(n贸ng)浣滅墿鐨勭敓闀锋墍蹇呴渶鐨勭嚐椁�(y菐ng)鍏冪礌銆佸井閲忓厓绱犲拰鍏锋湁鍥烘爱銆佽В閴€銆佹憾纾风瓑娲绘€т綔鐢ㄧ殑鏈夌泭寰敓鐗�锛岄厤鍒剁敓鐢�(ch菐n)鑿屾恫鐢�(ch菐n)鍝乕3]銆傚爢鑲ョ敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鍥哄姂鑸囧煿椁�(y菐ng)寰敓鐗╂墍鍒舵垚鐨勮弻娑茬浉绲�(ji茅)鍚堝彲鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鍑哄叿鏈夌稖鍚堟晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭敓鐗╂湁姗�(j墨)鑲ャ€�

        3.2  宸ヨ棟娴佺▼

        鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ョ殑鐢熺敘(ch菐n)宸ヨ棟娴佺▼鍖呮嫭鍥哄姂杓夐珨鐨勭敓鐢�(ch菐n)銆佽弻娑茬殑鐢熺敘(ch菐n)浠ュ強椤嗙矑鑲ョ殑鐢熺敘(ch菐n)锛屽鍦�1鎵€绀虹偤鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ョ殑涓€鑸伐钘濇祦绋�锛屽湪鍏烽珨鐨勭敓鐢�(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓�锛屽彲鏍规摎(j霉)涓嶅悓鐨勮姹傞€�(j矛n)琛屽伐钘濈殑瑾�(di脿o)鏁淬€傚湅鍏�(n猫i)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐨勭爺绌禰3]锝瀃11]琛ㄦ槑锛屼互涓嶅悓鏈夋(j墨)鍥哄虎鐐哄師鏂欑殑鐢熺敘(ch菐n)宸ヨ棟閬庣▼瀛樺湪钁楃浉浼兼€�銆傞鍏堟槸鏀堕泦骞堕伕鍙栦笉鍚岄鍨嬬殑鍥洪珨寤㈡鐗╋紝灏嶅叾閫�(j矛n)琛屽墠鏈熺殑绡╅伕銆佽檿鐞嗭紝骞舵寜鍚勮嚜鐨勫姛鑳芥晥鐢ㄩ€�(j矛n)琛岄厤姣�銆備箣鍚�锛屽湪灏嶇挵(hu谩n)澧�銆佹妧琛�(sh霉)姊濅欢绛夌殑鎺у埗涓嬮€�(j矛n)琛屽爢鑲ワ紝鑵愮啛鍚庣牬纰�銆佺鍒�銆佺儤骞�锛屾垚鐐哄浐鍔戣級楂�銆傝垏姝ゅ悓鏅傞€�(j矛n)琛岀殑鏄井鐢熺墿鐨勫煿椁�(y菐ng)銆佺嚐椁�(y菐ng)娑茬殑閰嶅埗鍙婅弻娑茬殑鍒跺倷銆傛渶鍚庡彲灏囧浐鍔戣垏鑿屾恫娣峰悎骞堕€�(j矛n)琛岄€犵矑绛夊伐搴忚€岀敓鐢�(ch菐n)鍑虹敓鐗╂湁姗�(j墨)鑲�銆�

鍦�1銆€鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ョ敓鐢�(ch菐n)宸ヨ棟娴佺▼绨″湒

        3.3  鐢熺敘(ch菐n)宸ヨ棟鐨勬妧琛�(sh霉)瑕侀粸

        锛�1锛夊湪鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ョ殑鐢熺敘(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓渶鏈夋晥鍦版帶鍒跺奖闊挎湁姗�(j墨)寤㈢墿鐧�(f膩)閰�銆佸井鐢熺墿绻佹畺鐨勫悇鍥犵礌銆備富瑕佺殑褰遍熆鍥犵礌鐐烘湁姗�(j墨)璩�(zh矛)鍚噺銆佸惈姘寸巼銆佺⒊姘瘮銆佸爢鑲ラ亷绋嬬殑姘ф績搴﹀拰婧害浠ュ強pH鍊肩瓑锛�9锛�銆備竴鏂归潰锛岄€氶亷灏嶈鍥犵礌鐨勬帶鍒舵豢瓒冲悇寰敓鐗╄弻绋殑鐢熼暦绻佹畺鎵€蹇呴渶鐨勭⒊姘瘮銆佹韩搴�銆佹繒搴�銆乸H鍊笺€佹哀閲忓強鍏跺畠鐨勭嚐椁�(y菐ng)鍏冪礌锛涘彟涓€鏂归潰锛屼笉鍚岀殑鐕熼(y菐ng)鐗╄唱(zh矛)鍚噺鍙敘(ch菐n)鐢熶笉鍚屾晥鏋滅殑鑲ユ晥锛屾瘮濡傚惈纰抽噺楂樻湁鍔╀簬鍦熷￥鐪熻弻澧炲锛屾爱鍓囨湁鍔╀簬鍦熷￥绱�(x矛)鑿屽澶氾紝鑰岄垼灏嶄簬浣滅墿鎶楃梾鏈夋槑椤殑鏁堢敤锛�12锛�銆�

        锛�2锛夊皪鍫嗚偉鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鎯¤嚟闇€鍔犱互闃叉不鑸囨帶鍒讹紝閬垮厤浜屾姹℃煋銆傝嚜鐒剁櫦(f膩)閰垫湁姗�(j墨)寤㈢墿涓€鑸渻浼存湁杓冩績鐑堢殑鐣板懗锛屼笖姹℃煋鍛ㄥ湇鐨勭挵(hu谩n)澧冪┖姘�锛屽湪鍫嗘枡涓姞鍏ョ櫦(f膩)閰靛姂鎴栧揩閫熷垎瑙ｈ弻鍙湪杓冪煭鏅傞枔鍏�(n猫i)浣胯嚟姘ｅ熀鏈秷澶憋紝涓旀劅瀹樻晥鏋滆純濂�锛涙垨鑰呭皪鍫嗚偉鍫寸敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑鎯¤嚟姘ｉ珨浠ョ敓鐗╅櫎鑷妧琛�(sh霉)绛夐€�(j矛n)琛岃檿鐞嗐€�

        锛�3锛夊毚(y谩n)鏍兼帶鍒跺師鏂欎腑鐨勯噸閲戝爆鍚噺銆傚湪鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鍓嶆湡灏嶅浐楂斿虎鐗╅€�(j矛n)琛岀閬搁爯(y霉)铏曠悊鐨勯亷绋嬩腑锛屾噳(y墨ng)鎺掗櫎閲嶉噾灞殑骞叉摼锛岄槻姝㈠湪鍚庢湡鐨勭敓鐢�(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓井鐢熺墿涓瘨锛屼互鍙婃垚鍝佹湁姗�(j墨)鑲ヤ腑閲嶉噾灞秴妯�(bi膩o)锛屾薄鏌撳湡澹ゅ強杈�(n贸ng)浣滅墿銆�

        锛�4锛夌敓鐗╂湁姗�(j墨)鑲ョ殑鎴愬搧鎳�(y墨ng)鑳藉婊胯冻鍦嬪鏈夐棞(gu膩n)鐢熺墿鏈夋(j墨)鑲ョ敘(ch菐n)鍝佺殑璩�(zh矛)閲忔帶鍒舵(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛屾垚鍝佺稉(j墨ng)閬庡垎鏋愭娓�锛屽叾鏈夋(j墨)璩�(zh矛)銆佽厫娈栭吀銆佹爱銆佺７銆侀墍鍙婂叾涓井閲忓厓绱犲惈閲�銆佹椿鑿屾暩(sh霉)绛夋噳(y墨ng)閬�(d谩)鍒版垨瓒呴亷鍦嬪妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛�13锛姐€�