鑷�60骞翠唬鍒�锛岀敱鐢插熀姹炴薄鏌撳紩璧风殑姘翠縼鐥呯郸浜洪甯朵締(l谩i)鐨勭伣(z膩i)瀹�锛屽湪涓栫晫鑼冨湇鍏�(n猫i)寮曡捣浜嗕汉鍊戝皪(du矛)姹炴薄鏌撶殑閲嶈锛屾睘姹℃煋鐨勭爺绌舵棩鐩婂澶�銆傝捣鍒濆儏娉ㄩ噸浜庡皪(du矛)姘撮珨姹炵殑鐮旂┒锛岃€屽湡澹や腑姹炵殑琛岀偤闆栨湁鐮旂┒锛屼絾宸ヤ綔杓冨皯銆傝繎骞翠締(l谩i)锛岀敱浜庣櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鍋忛仩(yu菐n)婀栨硦涓瓪鐨勬睘鍚噺鍗囬珮鏄敱澶ф埃姹炵稉(j墨ng)闀�(zh菐ng)璺濋洟鍌宠几鍜屾矇闄嶉€犳垚鐨�锛屽ぇ姘ｆ睘鍙婃睘鐨勭敓鐗╁湴鐞冨寲瀛�(xu茅)寰挵(hu谩n)鐮旂┒鎵嶉€愭几鎴愮偤姹炴薄鏌撶爺绌剁殑鐔遍粸(di菐n)涔嬩竴銆傚ぇ姘ｆ睘鍙互閫氶亷(gu貌)骞叉繒娌夐檷閫�(j矛n)鍏ュ湡澹�锛屽湡澹や腑鐨勬睘缍�(j墨ng)寰�(f霉)闆滅殑鐗╃悊銆佸寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屽ぇ閮ㄥ垎浠ュ悇绋舰鎱�(t脿i)婊暀浜庡湡澹や腑锛岄儴鍒嗚妞嶇墿鍚告敹锛屼竴灏忛儴鍒嗗湪涓€瀹氭浠朵笅浠ユ埃鎱�(t脿i)姹炵殑褰㈠紡閲嬫斁鍒板ぇ姘ｄ腑锛屽彲瑕�(ji脿n)鍦熷￥鏃㈡槸姹炵殑鍖�锛屽張鏄睘鐨勬簮銆傚畠鍦ㄦ睘鐨勭敓鐗╁湴鐞冨寲瀛�(xu茅)寰挵(hu谩n)涓捣閲嶈浣滅敤銆傚洜姝わ紝鍦熷￥姹炴薄鏌撶爺绌惰繎浜涘勾渚�(l谩i)鍌欏彈闂�(gu膩n)娉�锛屽湪瑷卞鏂归潰鍙栧緱閫�(j矛n)灞曘€�

1 鍦熷￥姹炵殑姹℃煋閫斿緫

鍦熷￥涓睘鐨勪締(l谩i)婧愭槸澶氭柟闈㈢殑銆傞鍏堟槸鍦熷￥姣嶈唱(zh矛)鏈韩鍚睘锛屼笉鍚屾瘝璩�(zh矛)銆佹瘝宸栧舰鎴愮殑鍦熷￥鍏跺惈姹為噺瀛樺湪寰堝ぇ宸暟;鍙︿竴鏂归潰锛岀敱浜庝汉椤炲伐杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)娲诲嫊(d貌ng)锛屼娇姹為€�(j矛n)鍏ョ挵(hu谩n)澧�锛屾薄鏌撳ぇ姘�銆佹按楂斻€佸湡澹�銆傚鏈夋(j墨)姹炶静(n贸ng)钘ョ殑鏂界敤鏇句竴搴︽槸閫犳垚澶ч潰绌嶈静(n贸ng)鐢板湡澹ゅ惈姹為噺鏅亶澧炲姞鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)閲嶈鍘熷洜銆傞洊鐒惰繎骞惧崄骞撮檺鍒跺惈姹炶静(n贸ng)钘ョ殑鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鑸囦娇鐢�锛岀敱鍚睘杈�(n贸ng)钘ュ付渚�(l谩i)鐨勫湡澹ゆ睘姹℃煋宸插ぇ澶ф笡杓�锛岃€岀敱姹℃按鐏屾簤銆佹薄娉ユ柦鑲ョ瓑寮曡捣鐨勫眬

閮ㄥ湴鍗€(q奴)鐨勫湡澹ゆ睘姹℃煋鍗诲湪閫愭几澧炲姞銆傛澶栬繎浜涘勾鐨勭爺绌惰〃鏄�锛屽ぇ姘ｆ睘鐨勬矇闄嶄篃鏄湡澹や腑姹炵殑涓€鍊�(g猫)渚�(l谩i)婧愩€�

1.1 澶ф埃姹炵殑骞叉繒娌夐檷

鍦�(gu贸)澶栧湪70骞翠唬灏卞凡灏�(du矛)澶ф埃姹炲共婵曟矇闄嶆湁涓€瀹氱殑鐮旂┒锛屼絾鐣�(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)灏�(du矛)鍏堕噸瑕栦笉瓒�銆傚埌浜�90骞翠唬浠ュ悗锛岀敱宸ユキ(y猫)寤㈡按鎺掓斁閫犳垚鐨勬按楂�銆佸湡澹ゆ睘姹℃煋宸插緱鍒版不鐞�锛屼絾鏌愪簺鍦板崁(q奴)鐨勬按銆佹矇绌嶇墿銆佸湡澹ゆ睘婵冨害鍗诲湪涓嶆柗澧炲姞锛岀爺绌剁櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)閫欎竴鐝�(xi脿n)璞℃槸鐢卞ぇ姘ｆ睘骞叉繒娌夐檷閫犳垚鐨勶紝寰炶€屽ぇ姘ｆ睘鐨勫共婵曟矇闄嶅紩璧蜂簡瀛�(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)鐣岀殑闂�(gu膩n)娉�銆侻anson绛変及绠椾簡鍖楀崐鐞冧笉鍚岀矾搴﹀湴鍗€(q奴)澶ф埃姹炲皪(du矛)闄稿湴姹炵殑璨㈢嵒(xi脿n);鍦ㄥ寳绶�30掳~70掳鍦板崁(q奴)锛屾睘鐨勬矇闄嶉噺鐐�15.8 mg/(m2脳a);鍖楃矾10掳~30掳鍦板崁(q奴)锛屾睘鐨勬矇闄嶉噺鐐�19.8 mg/(m2脳a)銆傚湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)姝ら爡(xi脿ng)鐮旂┒濮嬩簬80骞翠唬锛屽湡澹ょ挵(hu谩n)澧冨閲忕爺绌剁祫鍦ㄥ寳浜澅鍗楅儕姹℃按鐏屾簤鍗€(q奴)鐨勮(di脿o)鏌ョ祼(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄庯紝澶ф埃娌夐檷(鍖呮嫭闄嶆按鑸囬檷濉�)杓稿叆鍒拌静(n贸ng)鐢颁腑鐨勬睘(3.54 g/(km2脳a))澶т簬閫氶亷(gu貌)鐏屾簤姹℃按杓稿叆鐨勬睘(1.85 g/(km2脳a))銆傜帇瀹氬媷绛夐噰鐢ㄥ鍏�(n猫i)妯℃摤瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐨勬柟娉曪紝鐮旂┒浜嗗ぇ姘ｆ睘姹℃煋灏�(du矛)鍦熷￥姹炵疮绌嶇殑褰遍熆锛岃(shu艒)鏄庡ぇ姘ｆ睘鍙洿鎺ユ矇闄嶄簬鍦熷￥鍜岃鍏跺惛闄勮€岀疮绌�锛屼篃鍙偤妞嶇墿鍚告敹鑰屽悜鍦熷￥鍌宠几銆備綍閷︽灄绛夊皪(du矛)姊靛噲灞辫嚜鐒朵繚璀�(h霉)鍗€(q奴)涓嶅悓鍓栭潰鐨勫湡澹ゅ堡鐨勬睘鍚噺鐨勬脯(c猫)瀹氱祼(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄庤┎鍗€(q奴)鍦熷￥姹炴槸鐢卞ぇ姘ｆ睘鐨勬矇闄嶆墍鑷�銆傚ぇ姘ｆ睘閫氶亷(gu貌)骞叉繒娌夐檷閫�(j矛n)鍏ュ湡澹ゅ悗锛�

鍥犲湡澹や腑鐨勭矘鍦熺う鐗╁拰鏈夋(j墨)鐗╃殑鍚搁檮浣滅敤锛岀禃澶ч儴鍒嗚繀閫熻鍦熷￥鍚告寔鎴栧浐瀹�锛屽瘜闆嗕簬鍦熷￥琛ㄥ堡锛岄€犳垚鍦熷￥姹炴績搴︾殑鍗囬珮銆�

1.2 姹℃按鐏屾簤銆佹薄娉ユ柦鑲�

闅ㄨ憲鍩庡競宸ユキ(y猫)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曡垏鍩庡競鍖栭€�(j矛n)绋嬬殑鍔犲揩锛屾按璩囨簮閫愭几鍖变箯锛屾渤姘存棩鐩婂彈鍒版薄鏌�锛屾薄姘寸亴婧夊凡鎴愮偤杈�(n贸ng)妤�(y猫)鐏屾簤鐢ㄦ按鐨勯噸瑕佺祫鎴愰儴鍒�銆傚伐妤�(y猫)寤㈡按涓線寰€鍚湁Hg銆丆d绛夐噸閲戝爆锛岀亴婧夊悗鏄撳紩璧峰湡澹ら噸閲戝爆姹℃煋銆傛垜鍦�(gu贸)姘牽寤犳瘡骞存帓鍏ュ虎姘翠腑鐨勬睘鐐�2.89~3.40 t锛屽湪1985骞达紝鎴戝湅(gu贸)闋掔櫦(f膩)淇畾鐨�"鐏屾簤姘磋唱(zh矛)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)"涓(gu墨)瀹氱亴婧夌敤姘翠腑姹炰笉鑳借秴閬�(gu貌)0.001 mg/L銆備絾鐩墠鍦ㄥ湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)浠嶇劧鏈変笉灏戝湴鍗€(q奴)鍥犳薄姘寸亴婧夎€屽紩璧峰湡澹ゆ睘姹℃煋銆傚ぉ娲ュ父骞存薄鐏屽崁(q奴)鍦熷￥鐨勬睘鍏ㄩ噺楂橀仈(d谩)0.292 mg/kg锛屾湁鏁堟厠(t脿i)閬�(d谩)0.153 mg/kg;娣櫚甯傛煇姹＄亴鍗€(q奴)鍦熷￥姹炴績搴﹀凡瓒呭嚭娓呮綌鐏屾簤鍗€(q奴)鐨勫湡澹ゆ睘鐨�1鍊嶄互涓�锛屼篃宸茶秴閬�(gu貌)GB15618-1995銆婂湡澹ょ挵(hu谩n)澧冭唱(zh矛)閲忔(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆嬩腑浜岀礆(j铆)妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)?锛熸ⅱ?ji脿n)锛岀敱姹℃按鐏屾簤寮曡捣鐨勫湡澹ゆ睘姹℃煋宸茬浉鐣�(d膩ng)鍤�(y谩n)閲�銆�

姹℃偿鍚湁瑷卞鏈夋(j墨)璩�(zh矛)鍜屾爱銆佺７銆侀墍绛夌嚐(y铆ng)椁�(y菐ng)鍏冪礌锛屾墍浠ヤ綔鐐鸿偉鏂欐柦鍏ヨ静(n贸ng)鐢板緢鍙楁杩�锛屾薄娉ヨ静(n贸ng)鐢拌檿缃湪鍦�(gu贸)澶栧凡鏈�60澶氬勾姝峰彶锛岀櫦(f膩)閬�(d谩)鍦�(gu贸)瀹剁洰鍓嶆湁30%~40%閲囩敤姝ゆ硶铏曠疆銆傛薄娉ユ敼鑹湡澹ゅ彲浠ュ付渚�(l谩i)涓€瀹氱殑缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鏁堢泭锛屼絾姹℃偿涓線寰€鍚湁Hg绛夐噸閲戝爆锛岄暦(zh菐ng)鏈熸柦鐢ㄦ垨鏂界敤涓嶇暥(d膩ng)锛屾渻(hu矛)灏�(d菐o)鑷村湡澹や腑閲嶉噾灞⿳绱�锛屼娇杈�(n贸ng)浣滅墿閬彈姹℃煋锛岄€�(j矛n)鑰岄€氶亷(gu貌)椋熺墿閺堥€�(j矛n)鍏ヤ汉鐣滈珨鍏�(n猫i)锛屽皪(du矛)浜洪閫犳垚鍗卞銆備竴鑸競鏀挎薄娉ヤ腑姹炲惈閲忕偤4~6 mg/g銆傜編鍦�(gu贸)瑕�(gu墨)瀹氫綔鐐鸿偉鏂欑殑姹℃偿鍚睘閲忎笉寰楄秴閬�(gu貌)10 mg/g;鎴戝湅(gu贸)杈�(n贸ng)鐢版薄娉ョ殑鏂界敤妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛岃(gu墨)瀹氶吀鎬у湡澹ゆ睘鎳�(y墨ng)灏忎簬5 mg/g锛屼腑銆佸牽鎬у湡澹ゆ噳(y墨ng)灏忎簬15 mg/g銆侫nthony鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑锛岀敤鍩庡競姹℃按銆佹薄娉ユ敼鑹殑鍦熷￥锛屾睘鍜岀敳鍩烘睘鍦ㄨ〃鍦熶腑鐨勬績搴︽槑椤鍔狅紝鍒嗗垾鐐�80~1100 mg/kg鍜�0.3~8.3 mg/kg銆�

1.3 鍚睘寤㈡鐗╁爢绌�

鍚睘寤㈡鐗╃殑鍫嗙⿳锛岀敱浜庨洦姘寸殑娌栨礂鍙婂緫娴佹矕鍒�锛屼笅婊插皪(du矛)鍦熷￥閫犳垚涓€瀹氱殑姹炴薄鏌�銆傛柟婊跨瓑灏�(du矛)姝︽饥甯傚瀮鍦惧爢鏀惧牬(ch菐ng)鐨勭爺绌惰〃鏄庯紝鍨冨溇涓惈姹為噺楂橀仈(d谩)0.52 mg/kg銆傞€欎簺鍨冨溇鐨勫爢鏀炬垨鏂藉叆杈�(n贸ng)鐢板悗锛屾渻(hu矛)鍗卞鍦熷￥銆傚瀮鍦句腑姹炰富瑕佷締(l谩i)鑷浕姹�銆侀珨婧▓(j矛)銆佹棩鍏夌噲绛夈€�

2 鍦熷￥涓睘鐨勯伔绉�

閫�(j矛n)鍏ュ湡澹や腑鐨勬睘闄や簡鍚屽叾瀹冮噸閲戝爆姹℃煋鐗╀竴妯�锛屽彲閫氶亷(gu貌)鍦熷￥渚佃潟鍜屾穻婧惰€岄伔绉�锛屼互鍙婁緵妞嶇墿鍚告敹澶栵紝閭勬湁涓€浜涚壒瀹氬舰鎱�(t脿i)鐨凥g(灏ゅ叾鏄厓绱燞g)寰堝鏄撳緸鍦熷￥鍚戝ぇ姘ｉ噵鏀�銆�