闆婚崓閬庣▼涓敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑寤㈡按鎴愬垎闈炲父寰�(f霉)闆�锛屽叾涓噸閲戝爆?g貌u)U姘存槸闆婚崓琛屾キ(y猫)娼涘湪鍗卞鎬фサ澶х殑寤㈡按椤炲垾銆傞幊鏄竴绋彲鑷寸檶鐨勯噸閲戝爆銆�1銆曪紝姝ゅ瀹冮倓鏄竴绋純鏄傝泊鐨勯噾灞硣婧�(鍍�(ji脿)鏍兼槸閵呯殑2~4鍊�)銆傞浕閸嶉幊鍥犲叾鍏锋湁鍎�(y艒u)鐣扮殑鑰愮（鎬�銆佹姉铦曟€с€佸彲鐒婃€ц€岃寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬闆婚崓鐢熺敘(ch菐n)涓�锛屽叾鍔犲伐閲�?j墨)H娆′簬閸嶉媴锛屽湪鏁村€�(g猫)闆婚崓琛屾キ(y猫)涓眳绗簩浣�銆傚湪閸嶉幊閬庣▼涓敘(ch菐n)鐢熷ぇ閲忓惈閹冲虎姘淬€傚鏋滃惈閹冲虎姘翠笉鍔犺檿鐞嗕换鎰忔帓鏀�锛屼笉浣嗘渻(hu矛)鍗卞鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨拰浜洪珨鍋ュ悍锛岄倓鏈�(hu矛)閫犳垚璨撮噾灞硣婧愮殑娴不(f猫i)銆�

1 闆婚崓鍚幊寤㈡按鐨勭敘(ch菐n)鐢熷拰鍗卞

鍚幊闆婚崓寤㈡按涓昏渚嗚嚜浜庨崓閹崇敓鐢�(ch菐n)閬庣▼涓崓妲藉虎娑插拰閸嶄欢婕傛礂姘�锛屽虎閸嶆恫閲忓皯浣嗗叾涓幊闆㈠瓙婵冨害鍚噺闈炲父楂橈紝閸嶄欢婕傛礂姘存槸闆婚崓寤㈡按鐨勪富瑕佷締婧�锛屽崰杌婇枔寤㈡按鎺掓斁閲忕殑80%浠ヤ笂銆傞崓浠舵紓娲楁按姘撮噺澶�锛屼絾鍏朵腑閹抽洟瀛愭績搴﹁垏寤㈤崓娑茬浉姣旇灏忓緢澶�銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)銆婇浕閸嶆薄鏌撶墿鎺掓斁妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆�(GB 21900鈥�2008)琛�2锛屽厑瑷辨帓鍏ユ按楂旂殑闆婚崓寤㈡按涓附閹宠唱(zh矛)閲忔績搴︽渶楂樼偤0.5 mg/L銆�

2 闆婚崓鍚幊寤㈡按鐨勮檿鐞嗘妧琛�(sh霉)

鎸夌収涓嶅悓鍘熺悊鍙皣铏曠悊鍚幊闆婚崓寤㈡按鐨勬柟娉曞垎鐐轰笁澶ч锛氬寲瀛�(xu茅)娉�銆佺墿鐞嗗寲瀛�(xu茅)娉曞拰鐢熺墿铏曠悊娉�銆�

2.1 鍖栧(xu茅)娉�

鍒╃敤鍖栧(xu茅)娉曡檿鐞嗗惈閹抽浕閸嶅虎姘翠富瑕佹湁鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)娌夋穩娉�銆佹柊鍨嬪伐钘濋惖姘ч珨娉曪紝浠ュ強楂樻晥閲嶉噾灞灟鍚堟矇娣€娉�銆傚叾涓寲瀛�(xu茅)娌夋穩娉曞張鍖呮嫭姘哀鍖栫墿娌夋穩娉�銆佺～鍖栫墿娌夋穩娉�銆�

2.1.1 鍖栧(xu茅)娌夋穩娉�

鏉庡В銆�2銆曞湪鍖栧(xu茅)娌夋穩娉曡檿鐞嗛浕閸嶅虎姘寸殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐮旂┒涓�锛岀敤CaO銆丆aCl2銆丅aCl2涓夌ó鐮寸怠(lu貌)鍚堝姂铏曠悊閸嶉幊寤㈡按锛屽皪(du矛)姣旂櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛欱aCl2鐨勭牬绲�(lu貌)鍚堟晥鏋滄渶濂�锛岄幊闆㈠瓙鐨勫幓闄ょ巼鏈€楂�锛孋aCl2鐨勬晥鏋滄渶宸€傚皣CaO鑸嘊aCl2鑱�(li谩n)鐢ㄨ檿鐞嗛崓閹冲虎姘�锛岄幊闆㈠瓙鐨勫幓闄ょ巼鍙仈(d谩)99%浠ヤ笂锛屼笖鍦ㄩ幊闆㈠瓙鐨勫幓闄ょ巼鐩稿悓鏅�(sh铆)锛孊aCl2鐨勪娇鐢ㄩ噺姣斿叾鍠崹(d煤)铏曠悊閸嶉幊寤㈡按鏅�(sh铆)鐨勫皯寰堝銆傛灄寰疯尝绛夈€�3銆曢鍏堥噰鐢‵enton瑭﹀姂姘у寲锛屽悗閲囩敤NaClO姘у寲锛屽皪(du矛)pH鐐�3~5锛孨i2+璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾偤100~150 mg/L鐨勫惈閹冲虎姘撮€�(j矛n)琛岀牬绲�(lu貌)闋�(y霉)铏曠悊锛屾渶鍚庣稉(j墨ng)鍖栧(xu茅)娌夋穩铏曠悊锛屼娇鏈€绲傚嚭姘翠笂娓呮恫涓幊闆㈠瓙璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴︿綆浜�0.1 mg/L銆�

鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勫寲瀛�(xu茅)娌夋穩娉曡檿鐞嗗惈閹抽浕閸嶅虎姘村叿鏈夋妧琛�(sh霉)鎴愮啛銆佹姇璩囧皯銆佽檿鐞嗘垚鏈綆绛夎澶氬劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)銆傞洊鐒跺湪鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)閬庣▼涓渻(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷ぇ閲忔薄娉�锛岀敋鑷抽€犳垚浜屾姹℃煋锛屼絾闅ㄨ憲鐮寸怠(lu貌)鍔�銆侀噸閲戝爆鎹曢泦鍔戠瓑鐨勪笉鏂风櫦(f膩)灞曟噳(y墨ng)鐢紝鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍖栧(xu茅)娌夋穩娉曠殑铏曠悊鏁堟灉涔熻涓嶆柗鎻愰珮銆�

2.1.2 閻垫哀楂旀硶

鍦ㄥ寲瀛�(xu茅)娌夋穩娉曚腑锛屾瘮杓冩柊鍨嬬殑宸ヨ棟鏄惖姘ч珨娉�銆侳eSO4鍙娇鍚勭ó閲嶉噾灞洟瀛愬舰鎴愰惖姘ч珨鏅堕珨鑰屾矇娣€鏋愬嚭锛岄惖姘ч珨閫氬紡鐐篎eO路Fe2O3銆�4銆�銆傚虎姘翠腑Ni2+鍙崰鎿�(j霉)Fe2+鐨勬櫠鏍煎舰鎴愬叡娌夋穩鑰屽幓闄ゃ€備竴鑸琻(Ni2+)鈭秐(FeSO4)鐐�1鈭�2~1鈭�3锛屽虎姘翠腑閹抽洟瀛愯唱(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾偤30~200 mg/L鏅�(sh铆)銆�5銆�锛岄噰鐢ㄩ惖姘ч珨娉曡檿鐞嗗悗褰㈡垚鐨勬矇娣€椤嗙矑澶т笖鏄撲簬鍒嗛洟锛岄绮掍笉鏈�(hu矛)鍐嶆憾瑙�锛岀劇浜屾姹℃煋锛屽嚭姘存按璩�(zh矛)濂�锛岃兘閬�(d谩)鍒版帓鏀炬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆�

甯歌粛闇炵瓑銆�6銆曢€氶亷瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐮旂┒浜嗛惖姘ч珨娉曡檿鐞嗗惈閹冲虎姘寸殑宸ヨ棟姊濅欢銆傜祼(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄庯紝鍦╬H=9.0锛宯(Fe2+)鈭秐(Ni2+)=2鈭�1锛屾韩搴︾偤70 鈩冪殑姊濅欢涓�锛岄幊鐨勮綁(zhu菐n)鍖栫巼鍙仈(d谩)99.0%浠ヤ笂锛屽虎姘翠腑鐨凬i2+鍙緸100 mg/L闄嶈嚦0.47 mg/L銆傛潕闈滅磪绛夈€�7銆曠爺绌朵簡瀹ゆ韩涓嬮惖姘ч珨娉曡檿鐞嗕綆婵冨害鍚幊寤㈡按鐨勫伐钘濇浠�銆傝│椹�(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄�锛屼互Na2CO3鐐簆H瑾�(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)鍔戯紝鍦╬H 鐐�8.5~9.0锛宯(Fe3+)鈭秐(Fe2+)=1.5鈭�1锛宯(Fe2+)鈭秐(Ni2+)=12鈭�1锛屾敧鎷屾檪(sh铆)闁撶偤15 min鐨勬浠朵笅锛岃檿鐞嗘晥鏋滄渶浣�銆傞幊鐨勫幓闄ょ巼閬�(d谩)鍒�98%浠ヤ笂锛岃檿鐞嗗悗鐨勫虎姘翠腑閹抽洟瀛愯唱(zh矛)閲忔績搴﹂仈(d谩)鍒�0.20 mg/L浠ヤ笅锛岄仈(d谩)鍒板湅(gu贸)瀹舵帓鏀炬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆�

Fenton娉曡垏閻垫哀楂旀硶2绋伐钘濅腑閮藉瓨鍦ㄤ簩鍍�(ji脿)閻甸洟瀛�锛屾睙娲緧绛夈€�8銆曢噰鐢‵enton-閻垫哀楂旀硶鑱�(li谩n)鍚堝伐钘濊檿鐞嗗惈閵呫€侀幊鐨勭怠(lu貌)鍚堥浕閸嶅虎姘�銆傜祼(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄�锛屽湪寤㈡按鍒濆pH=3锛孒2O2鍒濆璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾偤3.33 g/L锛宮(Fe2+)鈭秏(H2O2)=0.1锛屾韩搴�25 鈩冪殑鏈€鍎�(y艒u)Fenton姘у寲姊濅欢涓�锛屽厛灏�(du矛)寤㈡按Fenton铏曠悊60 min锛屼箣鍚庤(di脿o)绡€(ji茅)寤㈡按娌夋穩pH=11锛屾帶鍒舵洕姘ｆ祦閲忕偤25 mL/min锛岄惖鑸囧虎姘翠腑閲戝爆闆㈠瓙鐨勮唱(zh矛)閲忔瘮鐐�10锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)婧害鐐�50 鈩冿紝鏇濇埃鎺ヨЦ鏅�(sh铆)闁撶偤60 min锛屽湪姝ゆ浠朵笅寤㈡按涓幊闆㈠瓙鐨勫幓闄ょ巼閬�(d谩)鍒�99.94%锛屽嚭姘撮幊闆㈠瓙鐨勮唱(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾偤0.33 mg/L锛岄仈(d谩)鍒板湅(gu贸)瀹惰(gu墨)瀹氱殑鎺掓斁妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆傚彟澶�锛屾矇娣€姹℃偿鐨勭墿鐩稿垎鏋愯〃鏄庯紝鍦ㄦ渶浣冲伐钘濇浠朵笅寰楀埌鐨凬iFe2O4銆丗e3O4绛夐惖姘ч珨娌夋穩鐗╂棦鐒′簩娆℃薄鏌撳張鍙綔鐐虹鎬ф潗鏂欏洖鏀跺埄鐢ㄣ€�

閻垫哀楂旀硶铏曠悊鍚幊闆婚崓寤㈡按鍏锋湁铏曠悊瑷�(sh猫)鍌欑啊(ji菐n)鍠�銆佹姇璩囪純灏�銆佹矇娓ｅ彲鍥炴敹鍒╃敤绛夊劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)銆傜洰鍓�锛岄惖姘ч珨宸ヨ棟姝ｇ敱鍠竴宸ヨ棟鍚戝绋伐钘濆京(f霉)鍚堢殑鏂瑰悜鐧�(f膩)灞�锛屽埄鐢ㄥ叾鏈韩鍎�(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)骞惰垏鍏朵粬姘磋檿鐞�宸ヨ棟鐩哥祼(ji茅)鍚堟(g貌u)鎴愭柊宸ヨ棟锛屼娇鍏跺皪(du矛)閲嶉噾灞�?g貌u)U姘寸殑铏曠悊鏇村姞瀹屽杽銆�

2.1.3 楂樺垎瀛愯灟鍚堟矇娣€娉�

杩戝勾渚嗗湪鍌崇当(t菕ng)鍖栧(xu茅)娌夋穩宸ヨ棟涓竴绋柊鍨嬫矇娣€鍔戔€斺€旈噸閲戝爆铻悎鍔戠殑鍔犲叆鏀瑰杽浜嗗偝绲�(t菕ng)宸ヨ棟涓婄殑涓嶈冻銆傚妷瀛樻捣绛夈€�9銆曞(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍚堟垚浜嗕竴绋噸閲戝爆闆㈠瓙铻悎鍔慔MCA锛屽皣HMCA鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬閸嶉幊寤㈡按涓�锛屽湪pH鐐�6.5~7.5鏅�(sh铆)锛孨i2+鐨勫幓闄ょ巼鍙仈(d谩)98.5%浠ヤ笂銆傝┎铻悎鍔戝皪(du矛)Ni2+鍏锋湁寰堝ソ鐨勬崟闆嗚兘鍔�锛屼笖鑸嘚i2+浣滅敤褰㈡垚鐨勮灟鍚堢敘(ch菐n)鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑷村瘑绌�(w臎n)瀹氥€傜暥(d膩ng)閲戝爆铻悎鍔戣唱(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾偤3.79 g/L鏅�(sh铆)锛孨i2+鐨勮唱(zh矛)閲忔績搴︽渶浣庣偤0.45 mg/L锛岄’钁楁彁楂樹簡灏�(du矛)閸嶉幊寤㈡按鐨勮檿鐞嗘晥鏋�銆傚妷杞�(zhu菐n)骞寸瓑銆�10銆曞湪鍫挎€ф浠朵笅鍚堟垚浜嗕竴绋柊鍨嬬殑鍏锋湁绲嚌銆佽灟鍚堥洐鍔熻兘鐨勯噸閲戝爆铻悎鍔戔€斺€擯AS锛屽苟灏嘝AS鐢ㄤ簬閲嶉噾灞幊闆㈠瓙鐨勮灟鍚堝(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)锛屽(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄�锛屽姞鍏�0.6 mL鐨凱AS灏�(du矛)50 mg/L鐨勫惈閹冲虎姘寸殑鍘婚櫎鐜囧彲閬�(d谩)98%浠ヤ笂锛屽彲瑕婸AS灏�(du矛)Ni2+鏄竴绋壇濂界殑铻悎鍔�銆�

2.2 鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)娉�

鐗╃悊鍖栧(xu茅)鏂版妧琛�(sh霉)銆佹柊宸ヨ棟鐨勮垐璧疯垏閫�(j矛n)姝ヤ娇寰楅浕閸嶄紒妤�(y猫)娓呮綌鐢熺敘(ch菐n)鎴愮偤鍙兘锛岃檿鐞嗗惈閹抽浕閸嶅虎姘村父鐢ㄧ殑鍚搁檮鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆侀洟瀛愪氦鎻涙妧琛�(sh霉)銆佽啘鍒嗛洟鎶€琛�(sh霉)銆侀洟瀛愭诞閬告妧琛�(sh霉)绛夐兘鏄熀浜庤硣婧愬洖鏀惰€岀櫦(f膩)灞曡捣渚嗙殑鏂板瀷楂樻晥姘磋檿鐞嗘妧琛�(sh霉)銆�

2.2.1 鍚搁檮鎶€琛�(sh霉)

鍚搁檮娉曟槸鍒╃敤鍚搁檮鍔戠殑鐛�(d煤)鐗圭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍘婚櫎閲嶉噾灞洟瀛愮殑涓€绋湁鏁堟柟娉�銆傛哺鐭�銆佹椿鎬х偔銆佽厫娈栭吀绛夊父琚綔鐐鸿檿鐞嗗惈閹抽浕閸嶅虎姘寸殑鍚搁檮鍔�銆�

浜洪€犳哺鐭冲姛鑳借垏澶╃劧娌哥煶鐩镐技锛屼絾瀛旈亾鍏�(n猫i)鏈夋(j墨)闆滅墿姣旇純灏�锛屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ寖鍦嶆洿寤ｃ€傜敤鏂滅櫦(f膩)娌哥煶灏�(du矛)Ni2+閫�(j矛n)琛屽惛闄�锛屾渶澶у惛闄勯噺鍙仈(d谩)13.03 mg/g銆�11銆曘€傛潕鏅剁瓑銆�12銆曠敤涓佷簩閰偀(DMG)灏�(du矛)娌哥煶琛ㄩ潰閫�(j矛n)琛屼慨椋�锛岀敤缍�(j墨ng)鍗佸叚鐑峰熀涓夌敳鍩烘捍鍖栭姩(CTAB)鏀规€х殑浜洪€犳哺鐭冲惛闄勬ā鎿虎姘翠腑鐨凬i2+銆傜祼(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄庯細婧舵恫楂旂⿳鐐�25 mL锛屽垵濮嬭唱(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾偤20 mg/L锛宲H=7.0锛屾韩搴︾偤35 鈩冩檪(sh铆)锛屽湪鏀规€ф哺鐭虫姇鍔犺唱(zh矛)閲忕偤1.1 g锛屽惛闄勬檪(sh铆)闁撶偤50 min姊濅欢涓嬶紝鍚搁檮鐜囬仈(d谩)98%浠ヤ笂锛屼笖鍙楀叾浠栧共鎿鹃洟瀛�(Cu2+銆丳b2+)鐨勫奖闊夸笉澶�銆傞櫝鐖句綑銆�13銆曢噰鐢ㄥ垎鍏夊厜搴︽硶鐮旂┒浜嗘柊鍨嬫敼鎬ф哺鐭�(Na-Y鍨�)灏�(du矛)闆婚崓寤㈡按涓璑i2+鍘婚櫎鏁堟灉鐨勫奖闊�銆傜祼(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄�锛屽湪瀹ゆ韩銆乸H=4鐨勬浠朵笅锛岀暥(d膩ng)鍔犲叆鏀规€ф哺鐭宠唱(zh矛)閲忓垎?j菒n)?sh霉)鐐�0.4%銆佸惛闄勬檪(sh铆)闁撶偤2 h鏅�(sh铆)锛屽虎姘存憾娑蹭腑Ni2+鐨勫幓闄ょ巼鍙仈(d谩)99%浠ヤ笂锛孨a-Y鍨嬫哺鐭崇稉(j墨ng)HCl鍜孨aCl娣峰悎婧舵恫娣嬫礂鍐嶇敓鍚庡彲閲嶅京(f霉)浣跨敤锛屽啀鐢熷悗鍚搁檮閲忔湁鎵€涓嬮檷锛屼絾涓嬮檷涓嶆槑椤�銆�

娲绘€х偔鑳藉杓冪偤鏈夋晥鍦板幓闄ゅ虎姘翠腑鐨勭怠(lu貌)鍚堥幊闆㈠瓙锛岄綂寤跺北绛夈€�14銆曞湪闈滄厠(t脿i)鍚搁檮姊濅欢涓嬶紝鐮旂┒浜嗙矇鐙€娲绘€х偔灏�(du矛)姘存憾娑蹭腑浣庤唱(zh矛)閲忔績搴︽妾吀绲�(lu貌)鍚堥幊闆㈠瓙鐨勫惛闄勮鐐�銆傝│椹�(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄庯細婧舵恫鍒濆pH=11.0锛屾椿鎬х偔鎶曞姞璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾偤10.0 g/L鏅�(sh铆)锛岄幊闆㈠瓙鐨勫幓闄ょ巼閬�(d谩)鍒�72.3%銆�

缇呴亾鎴愮瓑銆�15銆曢€氶亷鍒╃敤鑵愭畺閰告ü鑴傝檿鐞嗛噸閲戝爆 Ni2+鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)琛ㄦ槑锛氬湪寤㈡按pH鐐�5.0~7.0锛孨i2+璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾偤50 mg/L锛岃厫娈栭吀妯硅剛閫氶亷闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌鍜岀怠(lu貌)鍚堝惛闄勫皪(du矛)Ni2+鐨勫幓闄ょ巼鍙仈(d谩)98%浠ヤ笂锛屼笖铏曠悊鍚庡虎姘存帴杩戜腑鎬�锛屽虎姘翠腑Ni2+鐨勫惈閲忛’钁椾綆浜庡湅(gu贸)瀹舵帓鏀炬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆�

鐩墠锛屽伐妤�(y猫)涓婃櫘閬嶄娇鐢ㄧ殑鍚搁檮鍔戝児(ji脿)鏍兼槀璨�锛屽埗绱勪簡鍚搁檮鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勫唬娉涙噳(y墨ng)鐢紝鍚屾檪(sh铆)鍚搁檮鍔戠殑鍐嶇敓鍜屼簩娆℃薄鏌撲篃鏄惛闄勬妧琛�(sh霉)铏曠悊寤㈡按閬庣▼涓噳(y墨ng)瑭茶憲閲嶈€冩叜鐨勫晱椤�銆�

2.2.2 闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌鎶€琛�(sh霉)

闅ㄨ憲鏂板瀷澶у瓟鍨嬮洟瀛愪氦鎻涙ü鑴傚拰闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌閫ｇ簩(x霉)鍖栧伐钘濈殑涓嶆柗鐧�(f膩)灞�锛岄洟瀛愪氦鎻涙硶浣滅偤閸嶉幊婕傛礂姘粹€滈浂鎺掓斁鈥濈殑鎵嬫涓€搴﹀紩璧峰(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)鐣岀殑鑸堣叮銆�

渚柊鍓涚瓑銆�16銆曢噰鐢ㄩ洟瀛愪氦鎻涙硶灏�(du矛)浣庢績搴︾～閰搁幊婧舵恫閫�(j矛n)琛屽惛闄勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)锛岀祼(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄庯細瀹ゆ韩涓嬶紝001脳8鍨嬪挤(qi谩ng)閰告€у嚌鑶犲瀷闄介洟瀛愪氦鎻涙ü鑴�4.0 g锛岄幊闆㈠瓙璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴�1.0 g/L锛屽弽鎳�(y墨ng)鏅�(sh铆)闁�60 min锛宲H 5~6锛岄幊闆㈠瓙鍥炴敹鐜囪兘閬�(d谩)鍒�95%浠ヤ笂銆傚嫊(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑锛屽惛闄勯€熺巼涓昏鍙楁恫鑶滄摯(ku貌)鏁ｆ帶鍒�銆傚畫鍚夋槑绛夈€�17銆曢€氶亷姘ㄥ熀纾烽吀铻悎妯硅剛鑸囧叾浠栬灟鍚堟ü鑴傚皪(du矛)寮遍吀鎬ч浕閸嶅虎姘翠腑鐨勯幊闆㈠瓙鍚搁檮鎬ц兘姣旇純瑭﹂(y脿n)寰楀嚭锛氭皑鍩虹７閰歌灟鍚堟ü鑴傜敱H+鍨嬭綁(zhu菐n)Na+鍨嬪悗灏�(du矛)Ni2+鐨勫惛闄勯噺鎻愰珮29.5%銆傝檿鐞嗗悗姘翠腑Ni2+璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴﹀皬浜�0.020 mg/L銆俆. H. Eom绛夈€�18銆曢噰鐢ㄩ洟瀛愪氦鎻涙妧琛�(sh霉)閫�(j矛n)琛岄浕閸嶅虎姘磋檿鐞�锛孨i2+鍘婚櫎鐜囧彲瓒呴亷99%銆�

灏囬洟瀛愪氦鎻涙妧琛�(sh霉)鑸囪啘鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐩哥祼(ji茅)鍚�锛岀祫鎴愭柊鍨嬪伐钘濈敤浜庤檿鐞嗗惈閹抽浕閸嶅虎姘村緱鍒颁簡寰堝ソ鐨勮檿鐞嗘晥鏋溿€傚惓娲嫆绛夈€�19銆曢噰鐢ㄩ洟瀛愪氦鎻涒€旇秴婵锯€斿弽婊查€忕祫鍚堝伐钘濊檿鐞嗛崓閹虫紓娲楀虎姘�锛岃┎绯荤当(t菕ng)缍�(j墨ng)閬庨€ｇ簩(x霉)鍥涘€�(g猫)澶氭湀鐨勯亱(y霉n)琛屽悗锛岀洠(ji膩n)娓�(c猫)绲�(ji茅)鏋滈’绀猴紝閸嶉幊婕傛礂寤㈡按涓璑i2+璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾敱424 mg/L闄嶈嚦1.0 mg/L浠ヤ笅锛孨i2+鍥炴敹鐜囧ぇ浜�99%锛屽虎姘存暣楂斿洖鐢ㄧ巼澶т簬60%锛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)鍑烘按鍙洖鐢ㄥ埌閸嶉幊婕傛礂妲戒腑銆傝┎鏂规硶鍏锋湁鍑烘按姘磋唱(zh矛)绌�(w臎n)瀹氫互鍙婂彲鍥炴敹閹宠硣婧�銆佹按璩囨簮绛夊劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)銆�

2.2.3 鑶滃垎闆㈡妧琛�(sh霉)

閹虫棦鏄噸閲戝爆鍙堟槸璨撮噾灞�锛屽埄鐢ㄨ啘鍒嗛洟鎶€琛�(sh霉)鏃㈣兘鍘婚櫎寤㈡按涓殑閹抽洟瀛愬張鍙互瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)灏�(du矛)閹崇殑鍥炴敹鍒╃敤锛岄仈(d谩)鍒版竻娼旂敓鐢�(ch菐n)鐨勭洰鐨勩€�

鍛ㄧ悊鍚涚瓑銆�20銆曢噰鐢ㄨ秴婵锯€斿弽婊查€忕祫鍚堝伐钘濇績绺垎闆㈤崓閹虫紓娲楀虎姘�锛屽嚭姘存按璩�(zh矛)鎺ヨ繎绱斿噲姘�銆傝儭榻婄绛夈€�21銆曢噰鐢ㄥ叐绱�(j铆)RO鑶滅郴绲�(t菕ng)灏�(du矛)鍚幊250~350 mg/L鐨勬紓娲楀虎姘撮€�(j矛n)琛岃檿鐞嗭紝灏�(du矛)閹崇殑鎴暀鐜囬仈(d谩)99.9%浠ヤ笂銆�

鐜嬫槙褰ょ瓑銆�22銆曞埄鐢ㄦ柊鍨嬬磵婵捐啘鍒嗛洟闆婚崓閹虫紓娲楁按锛屽皪(du矛)閹抽洟瀛愮殑鍘婚櫎鐜囬仈(d谩)99.5%锛屽嚭姘村彲鐩存帴鎺掓斁鎴栧洖鐢ㄤ簬杌婇枔銆傛潕鑸堜簯绛夈€�23銆曢噰鐢ㄨ啘闆昏В娉曞皪(du矛)Ni2+璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾偤2 000 mg/L锛宲H=5.32鐨勫惈閹虫ā鎿虎姘撮€�(j矛n)琛屼簡铏曠悊銆傚苟灏�(du矛)鍠櫧鑶滀簩妤靛銆佸柈闄拌啘浜屾サ瀹や互鍙婇洐鑶滀笁妤靛涓夌ó涓嶅悓鑶滈浕瑙ｇ祫鍚堣檿鐞嗘晥鏋滈€�(j矛n)琛屼簡姣旇純锛岀祼(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄庯細?ji菐n)渚範銈嬪▕澶ャ剶闄斿▕鐛惧€猑绋嬩腑锛岄櫧妤靛弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑H+琚櫧妤垫恫涓殑OH-涓拰锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)闄拌啘涔熼樆姝+閫氶亷锛屽緸鑰屾彁楂樹簡閹崇殑鍥炴敹鐜囥€備笖闆绘祦鏁堢巼鍙珮閬�(d谩)90%浠ヤ笂锛岃垏鏅€氶浕瑙ｆ硶鐩告瘮鎻愰珮30%锛岄浕瑙ｇ巼鍧囬珮浜庡柈闄借啘鍜岄洐鑶滀笁瀹ら浕瑙�銆傞噰鐢ㄩ浕婊叉瀽娉曡檿鐞嗗惈閹抽浕閸嶅虎姘磋姹傛竻娲楁按涓幊闆㈠瓙璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴︹墺1.5 g/L锛屼互鎻愰珮婊叉瀽鐜�銆傞浕婊叉瀽铏曠悊鍚庣殑婵冪府娑茬殑婵冪府姣旀瘮鍙嶆徊閫忔績绺瘮楂�锛屽埄鐢ㄩ€欎竴鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)鍙(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鍖栧(xu茅)閸嶉幊娑插啀鐢�銆傚湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)宸叉湁瑭﹂(y脿n)璀夋槑锛岄噰鐢ㄩ浕婊叉瀽娉曞彲鍥炴敹90%鐨勭～閰搁幊锛屽洖鏀剁殑纭吀閹宠唱(zh矛)閲忔績搴﹂仈(d谩)鍒�80~100 g/L锛岃兘鐩存帴鍥為崓妲戒娇鐢ㄣ€�24銆�銆�

缍滀笂鍙互寰楃煡锛岃啘鍒嗛洟鎶€琛�(sh霉)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬鍚幊闆婚崓寤㈡按鐨勮檿鐞嗘湁鐛�(d煤)鐗瑰劒(y艒u)鍕�(sh矛)锛屼笉鍍呭彲浠ユ湁鏁堝幓闄ゅ虎姘翠腑鐨凬i2+锛屼娇鍏朵互浣庢績搴﹂仈(d谩)妯�(bi膩o)鎺掓斁鎴栬€呭虎姘村洖鐢�锛岃€屼笖婵捐啘鎵€鎴暀涓嬩締鐨勫惈閹虫矇娓ｅ彲浠ュ洖鏀跺埄鐢�锛屾棦鐠�(hu谩n)淇濆張缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)銆傝垏鍏朵粬鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐩告瘮锛岃啘鎶€琛�(sh霉)瑷�(sh猫)鍌欑啊(ji菐n)鍠�锛屼娇鐢ㄨ寖鍦嶅唬锛岃檿鐞嗙巼楂�锛岀劇闇€娣诲姞鍖栧(xu茅)瑭﹀姂锛屽洜姝や笉鏈�(hu矛)閫犳垚浜屾姹℃煋銆�25銆�銆備絾鑶滅祫浠舵槀璨�锛屼笖鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄩ亷绋嬩腑鏈�(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熻啘姹℃煋锛岄€欐槸闄愬埗鑶滄妧琛�(sh霉)寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鍟忛鎵€鍦�銆�

2.2.4 闆㈠瓙娴伕鎶€琛�(sh霉)

閲囩敤闆㈠瓙娴伕娉曡檿鐞嗗惈閹抽浕閸嶅虎姘�锛屽皪(du矛)閹抽洟瀛愭湁杓冮珮鐨勫幓闄ょ巼銆傛埓鏂囩嚘绛夈€�26銆曢€氶亷闆㈠瓙娴伕娉曡檿鐞嗛浕閸嶅虎姘寸殑鐮旂┒鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛岄洟瀛愭诞閬稿皪(du矛)閹�銆侀媴銆侀妳銆侀幊绛夐噾灞洟瀛愬潎鏈夊緢楂樼殑鍘婚櫎鐜囷紝鍏朵腑閹崇殑娈樹綑璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴︽渶浣庡彲閬�(d谩)0.33 mg/L锛屾场娌敘(ch菐n)鍝佷腑閹冲搧浣嶇偤13.2%锛屽叿鏈夋サ楂樼殑璩囨簮鍥炴敹鍍�(ji脿)鍊�銆傝懀绱呮槦绛夈€�27銆曢噰鐢ㄦ诞閬告硶灏�(du矛)浜屽厓閲戝爆闆㈠瓙閵呭拰閹抽€�(j矛n)琛岃檿鐞�锛岄妳銆侀幊鐨勫幓闄ょ巼鍙垎鍒ラ仈(d谩)鍒�92.46%銆�93.14%銆傞櫠鏈夊嫕绛夈€�28銆曞皪(du矛)閹抽洟瀛愬拰閵呴洟瀛愰噰鐢ㄦ诞閬告硶閫�(j矛n)琛屽柈涓€铏曠悊鍜屾贩鍚堣檿鐞嗗(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)锛屽柈涓€瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)涓幊闆㈠瓙鐨勫洖鏀剁巼鍙仈(d谩)99.5%浠ヤ笂?锛涙棇锠�?sh铆)椹�(y脿n)涓幊闆㈠瓙銆侀妳闆㈠瓙鐨勫洖鏀剁巼閮芥湁椤憲鎻愰珮锛岄妳闆㈠瓙鍥炴敹鐜囬仈(d谩)鍒�100%銆�

闆㈠瓙娴伕娉曞叿鏈夎悆鍙栨硶鍜岄洟瀛愪氦鎻涙硶鐨勯洐閲嶅劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)锛屽湪铏曠悊闆婚崓寤㈡按涓叿鏈夐仼鎳�(y墨ng)鑼冨湇寤�銆佸幓闄ょ巼楂�锛屼笖鑳藉洖鏀跺虎姘翠腑鏈夊児(ji脿)鍊奸噾灞瓑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆備絾鏄�锛岀洰鍓嶉洟瀛愭诞閬告硶灏�(du矛)浜庨噸閲戝爆?g貌u)U姘寸殑铏曠悊鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ彧灞€闄愪簬灏�(du矛)鍠祫鍒嗙殑鍒嗛洟锛屽皪(du矛)浜岀祫鍒嗗強澶氱祫鍒嗗虎姘磋檿鐞嗙殑鐮旂┒杓冨皯銆�

2.3 鐢熺墿铏曠悊娉�

鐩墠锛岀敓鐗╁惛闄勬硶铏曠悊鍚幊寤㈡按鐨勯棞(gu膩n)閸靛晱椤屽湪浜庡彲鐢ㄤ簬鍚搁檮閹抽洟瀛愮殑鑿岀ó鍚搁檮閲忔櫘閬嶈純浣庛€�29銆�銆�

鏉庤槶鏉剧瓑銆�30銆曞埄鐢ㄥ皠闋讳綆婧瓑闆㈠瓙楂斿皪(du矛)鍚搁檮閹崇窗(x矛)鑿孊8閫�(j矛n)琛岃獦璁�锛屽苟娓�(c猫)瑭︾獊璁婇珨灏�(du矛)閹抽洟瀛愮殑鍚搁檮鑳藉姏銆傚(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)绲�(ji茅)鏋滆〃鏄�锛屽緱鍒扮殑绐佽畩楂擭i12(Pseudomonas cedrina)灏�(du矛)閹抽洟瀛愮殑鍚搁檮閲忛仈(d谩)鍒颁簡136.7 mg/g(骞茶弻楂�)锛屾瘮鍘熷鑿屾牚B8鎻愰珮浜�11.7%銆備互澶氬瓟闄剁摲鐐鸿級楂�锛岄噰鐢ㄥ井鐢熺墿鏇濇埃鎺涜啘娉曞浐瀹氱獊璁婇珨Ni12锛屽皪(du矛)鍚幊闆㈠瓙鐨勬憾娑查€�(j矛n)琛岃檿鐞�锛屽叾鍚搁檮鐜囧彲閬�(d谩)86%銆傜獊璁婇珨Ni12灏�(du矛)閹抽洟瀛愭湁杓冨挤(qi谩ng)鐨勫惛闄勬€э紝鍙┅(w臎n)瀹氶伜鍌�锛屽皪(du矛)鍚幊寤㈡按鐨勮檿鐞嗘湁鑹ソ鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅€傝稒鐜夋竻绛夈€�31銆曠閬镐簡涓€绋棞閹宠弻骞剁爺绌朵簡鏈€鍎�(y艒u)姊濅欢涓嬪棞閹宠弻灏�(du矛)閹抽洟瀛愮殑鐗规晥鍚搁檮銆傞€氶亷鍚搁檮鐜囬毃鏅�(sh铆)闁撶殑璁婂寲鏇茬窔鍙煡锛氶幊闆㈠瓙璩�(zh矛)閲忔績搴︾偤25 mg/L锛屽惛闄�2 h鍚搁檮鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍗宠定浜庡钩琛�锛屽惛闄勭巼鏈€楂樺彲閬�(d谩)97.7%锛屽皪(du矛)瓒呮(bi膩o)50鍊嶇殑鍚幊寤㈡按锛屼竴娆¤檿鐞嗗凡鎺ヨ繎閹崇殑鎺掓斁妯�(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n);瑭茶弻灏�(du矛)鍚幊寤㈡按涓殑Ni2+鏈夌壒鏁堟€у惛闄�銆�

鏉庡绛夈€�32銆曠敤绋绘浣滆級楂斿皪(du矛)纭吀楣介倓鍘熻弻閫�(j矛n)琛屽浐瀹氬寲锛岃兘鏈夋晥鍘婚櫎寤㈡按涓殑閹抽洟瀛愶紝鍘婚櫎鐜囬珮閬�(d谩)99%銆傛湁瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑锛岀磪妗胯弻灏�(du矛)Ni2+鐨勫幓闄ょ巼鍙仈(d谩)90%銆傜櫧鑵愯弻(P. ysosporium)灏�(du矛)Ni2+鐨勬渶澶у惛闄勯噺鍙仈(d谩)56 mg/g銆�33銆�銆傚熀鍥犻噸绲勮弻E. coli JM10灏�(du矛)Ni2+瀵岄泦鑳藉姏姣斿師濮嬭弻鏍鍔犱簡6鍊嶅銆�

鐩墠锛屽湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)澶栭棞(gu膩n)浜庣敓鐗╁惛闄勭殑鐮旂┒澶氳檿浜庡(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ら殠娈�锛屽(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ゅ凡瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗浐瀹氬寲绱�(x矛)鑳為珨绯荤殑閫ｇ簩(x霉)鎿嶄綔?锛涱媰铓亾纰冲すg(sh霉)鍦ㄥ井鐢熺墿鍚搁檮鏂归潰涔熸湁鎵€鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傜劧鑰�锛岀暥(d膩ng)鍓嶅皪(du矛)鐢熺墿鍚搁檮鍔戝拰閲嶉噾灞箣闁撶殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍕�(d貌ng)鍔涘(xu茅)鍜岀啽鍔涘(xu茅)浠ュ強鐢熺墿鍚搁檮姗�(j墨)鐞嗙殑瑾�(r猫n)璀�(sh铆)閭勪笉鍏呭垎锛屾洿鐐哄粔鍍�(ji脿)銆佸惛闄勫閲忔洿澶х殑鐢熺墿鍚搁檮鍔戜篃鏈夊緟浜庨枊鐧�(f膩)銆傚洜姝�锛岀敓鐗╂妧琛�(sh霉)瑕佸湪宸ユキ(y猫)涓婅寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ倓鏈変竴瀹氳窛闆�銆備絾鐩镐俊闅ㄨ憲鐢熺墿鍚搁檮鎶€琛�(sh霉)鐨勪笉鏂风櫦(f膩)灞曞畬鍠勶紝鐢熺墿鍚搁檮鎶€琛�(sh霉)灏囧湪閲嶉噾灞薄鏌撹檿鐞嗘柟闈㈢櫦(f膩)鎻叾鐛�(d煤)鐗圭殑榄呭姏銆�34銆�銆�

3 灞曟湜

鏂扮殑銆婇浕閸嶈妤�(y猫)姹℃煋鐗╁湅(gu贸)瀹舵帓鏀炬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆�(GB21900鈥�2008)鐨勯爳甯�锛岀浉姣斾互鍓嶇殑銆婃薄姘寸稖鍚堟帓鏀炬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆�(GB 8978鈥�1996)锛屾彁楂樹簡鍚幊寤㈡按鐨勬帓鏀捐姹�銆傜偤閬�(d谩)鍒版洿楂樿姹傛帓鏀炬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)锛屽父鐢ㄧ殑铏曠悊鏂规硶鏄湪绲嚌铏曠悊涔嬪悗鍔犻洟瀛愪氦鎻涖€佽啘铏曠悊銆侀浕婊叉瀽绛夊伐钘濆仛閫�(j矛n)涓€姝ユ繁搴﹁檿鐞嗐€�35銆曪紝閫欐ǎ灏卞鍔犱簡铏曠悊鍠厓鏁�(sh霉)锛屽ぇ澶ф彁楂樹簡铏曠悊璨�(f猫i)鐢�銆傚洜姝�锛屾棦鑳芥彁楂橀噸閲戝爆?g貌u)U姘磋檿鐞嗙殑鏁堢巼鍙堣兘绨�(ji菐n)鍖栬檿鐞嗘祦绋嬶紝闄嶄綆闆婚崓浼佹キ(y猫)寤㈡按铏曠悊鎴愭湰灏囨槸铏曠悊鍚幊闆婚崓寤㈡按鐮旂┒鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)閲嶈鏂瑰悜銆傞珮鏁堥噸閲戝爆铻悎鍔戝叿鏈夎檿鐞嗘垚鏈綆銆佹晥鏋滅┅(w臎n)瀹�锛屼笖涓€娆℃€ц檿鐞嗗氨鑳介仈(d谩)鍒版帓鏀炬(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)绛夊劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)锛屽皣鍌崇当(t菕ng)娌夋穩宸ヨ棟鑸囬噸閲戝爆铻悎鍔戣伅(li谩n)鐢ㄨ檿鐞嗗惈閹抽浕閸嶅虎姘�锛岃兘涓€娆℃€у畬鎴愬虎姘磋檿鐞嗛仈(d谩)妯�(bi膩o)鎺掓斁锛屽ぇ澶ч檷浣庝簡寤㈡按铏曠悊鎴愭湰锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)鏄撲簬瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)閹宠硣婧愬寲锛屽叿鏈夌浉鐣�(d膩ng)?sh霉)鑰愯対V鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅�銆�