灏嶄腑鍦嬬瘈(ji茅)鑳戒締瑾紝1978骞村埌2008骞存槸涓嶅钩鍑＄殑30骞�锛屾槸鍕囦簬鎺㈢储鐨�30骞�锛屾槸鍙栧緱閲嶅ぇ鎴愬氨鐨�30骞�锛屼篃鏄憟涓婂暉涓嬬殑30骞�銆�

    1978骞翠互渚�锛屾垜鍦嬩互杓冧綆鐨勮兘婧愬闀烽€熷害鏀寔浜嗗湅姘戠稉(j墨ng)婵熺殑楂橀€熺櫦(f膩)灞曪紝瀹忚缍�(j墨ng)婵熸晥鐩婂ぇ骞呭闀�銆�1978锝�2007骞�锛屽湅鍏�(n猫i)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)绺藉€�(GDP)骞冲潎姣忓勾澧為暦9.78锛�锛岃€屼竴娆¤兘婧愭秷璨诲钩鍧囨瘡骞村儏澧為暦5.44锛�锛岃兘婧愭秷璨诲綀鎬х郴鏁�(sh霉)骞冲潎鐐�0.55銆傛寜鐠�(hu谩n)姣旂疮绌嶇瘈(ji茅)鑳介噺瑷堢畻锛�1978锝�2007骞村叏鍦嬬疮瑷堢瘈(ji茅)绱勫拰灏戠敤鑳芥簮12.78鍎則ce锛屾瘡鍣告婧栫叅鍓�(chu脿ng)閫犵殑鍦嬪収(n猫i)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)绺藉€�锛岀敱1978骞寸殑2680鍏冩彁楂樺埌2007骞寸殑8620鍏�(鎸�2005骞村児瑷堢畻)锛岀稉(j墨ng)婵熸晥鐩婃彁楂樹簡2鍊嶅銆傚叏鍦嬪柈浣岹DP鑳借€楃敱1978骞寸殑3.73tce/钀厓锛岄檷浣庡埌2007骞寸殑1.16tce/钀厓(鎸�2005骞村児瑷堢畻)锛屽鐝�(xi脿n)浜�30骞村钩鍧囩瘈(ji茅)鑳界巼3.95锛呯殑椹曚汉鎴愮妇銆傚叏绀炬渻鑳芥簮鍒╃敤鏁堢巼涔熺敱20涓栫磤80骞翠唬鍒濈殑28.7锛咃紝鎻愰珮鍒扮洰鍓嶇殑33.4锛�銆備富瑕佸伐妤�(y猫)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佸柈浣嶈兘鑰椾篃瀵︾従(xi脿n)浜嗘寔绾�(x霉)涓嬮檷銆備緥濡傦細鍣搁嫾缍滃悎鑳借€楃敱1980骞寸殑2039kgce/t涓嬮檷鍒�2007骞寸殑668tce/t(澶т腑鍨嬩紒妤�(y猫)鍣搁嫾鍙瘮鑳借€�)锛涘櫢姘存偿缍滃悎鑳借€楃敱206.54kgce/t涓嬮檷鍒�158kgce/t锛涗緵闆荤叅鑰楃敱448gce/kwh涓嬮檷鍒�356gee/kWh锛涢浕瑙ｉ媮缍滃悎闆昏€楃敱20342kwh/t涓嬮檷鍒�14488kWh/t銆�

    1 绡€(ji茅)鑳戒簨妤�(y猫)绌�(w臎n)姝ユ帹閫�

    1980骞翠互渚嗭紝鎴戝湅灏囩瘈(ji茅)鑳藉伐浣滅磵鍏ュ埌鍦嬫皯缍�(j墨ng)婵熷拰绀炬渻鐧�(f膩)灞曡▓鍔冧腑锛屽寘鎷法鍒惰硣婧愮瘈(ji茅)绱勫拰缍滃悎鍒╃敤瑕�(gu墨)鍔冦€佸埗瀹氱瘈(ji茅)鑳芥斂绛栧拰娉曡(gu墨)銆佸缓绔嬬瘈(ji茅)鑳界鐞嗛珨绯�銆佺睂闆嗙瘈(ji茅)鑳借硣閲�銆佹帹寤ｇ瘈(ji茅)鑳芥柊鎶€琛�(sh霉)鍜岀瘈(ji茅)鑳芥柊鐢�(ch菐n)鍝併€侀枊灞曠瘈(ji茅)鑳借▓閲忓拰瀹ｅ偝宸ヤ綔銆侀枊灞曠瘈(ji茅)鑳界鐮旈爡鐩€侀亱鐢ㄨ鏀垮拰缍�(j墨ng)婵熸墜娈靛姞寮蜂簡瀹忚瑾�(di脿o)鎺у拰绡€(ji茅)鑳界鐞�锛屼績閫蹭簡绡€(ji茅)鑳藉伐浣滅殑闋嗗埄闁嬪睍銆傚韪愯瓑鏄�锛屾垜鍦嬭嚜20涓栫磤80骞翠唬璧疯嚦浠婂缓绔嬬殑绡€(ji茅)鑳芥鍒跺拰绡€(ji茅)鑳界鐞嗙郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屽皪鎺ㄥ嫊绡€(ji茅)鑳�銆佷績閫茬稉(j墨ng)婵熺殑鐧�(f膩)灞曡捣鍒颁簡閲嶈浣滅敤锛岀珐瑙ｄ簡鐩哥暥闀蜂竴娈垫檪鏈熷湅鍏�(n猫i)鑳芥簮闇€姹傚拰渚涙噳鐨勫鍔�銆�

    1.1 瀵︾従(xi脿n)浜嗙瘈(ji茅)绱勮垏闁嬬櫦(f膩)骞惰垑鐨勮兘婧愮櫦(f膩)灞曟柟閲濆埌绡€(ji茅)绱勮兘婧愯硣婧愬熀鏈湅绛栫殑椋涜簫

    1980骞达紝鍦ㄦ繁鍏ョ爺绌剁暥鏅傜殑鑳芥簮渚涢渶鐝�(xi脿n)鐙€鐨勫熀绀庝笂锛岄花涓ぎ鍜屽湅鍕欓櫌纰哄畾浜�“闁嬬櫦(f膩)鑸囩瘈(ji茅)绱勫苟閲�锛岃繎鏈熸妸绡€(ji茅)绱勬斁鍦ㄥ劒(y艒u)鍏堝湴浣�”鐨勮兘婧愭柟閲�锛屾妸绡€(ji茅)绱勮兘婧愭摵鍦ㄩ噸瑕佸湴浣嶃€�80骞翠唬涓昏閲囧彇鐨勭瘈(ji茅)鑳芥帾鏂芥槸锛氭斂搴滃繀瑕佺殑琛屾斂骞查爯锛涘悎鐞嗚(di脿o)鏁寸稉(j墨ng)婵熺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屽嵆瑾�(di脿o)鏁寸敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佽妤�(y猫)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佷紒妤�(y猫)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆佺敘(ch菐n)鍝佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涚瘈(ji茅)鑳界磵鍏ヨ▓鍔�锛岄枊灞曡▓鍔冩寚灏庯紱鍔犲挤鑳芥簮绠＄悊銆傚悇鍦板崁(q奴)銆佸悇閮ㄩ杸鍦嶇篂璨竟鍩�(zh铆)琛岃兘婧愭柟閲�锛屽湪绡€(ji茅)鑳芥柟闈㈠仛浜嗗ぇ閲忓伐浣�銆�

    1996骞�3鏈堬紝鍏眴鍏ㄥ湅浜哄ぇ鍥涙鏈冭閫氶亷鐨勩€婂湅姘戠稉(j墨ng)婵熷拰绀炬渻鐧�(f膩)灞�“涔濅簲”瑷堝妰鍜�2010骞撮仩鏅洰妯欍€�锛屾彁鍑轰簡瀵﹁缍�(j墨ng)婵熼珨鍒跺緸鍌崇当(t菕ng)瑷堝妰缍�(j墨ng)婵熷悜甯傚牬缍�(j墨ng)婵熻綁(zhu菐n)璁�銆佺稉(j墨ng)婵熷闀锋柟寮忓緸绮楁斁鍨嬪悜闆嗙磩鍨嬭綁(zhu菐n)璁�銆佸鐝�(xi脿n)缍�(j墨ng)婵熷拰绀炬渻鍙寔绾�(x霉)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑鎸囧皫鏂归嚌锛屼互鍙�“鍫呮寔璩囨簮闁嬬櫦(f膩)鑸囩瘈(ji茅)绱勫苟鑸�锛屾妸绡€(ji茅)绱勬斁鍦ㄩ瑕佷綅缃�”鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曟埌(zh脿n)鐣�銆�

    2005骞村崄鍏眴浜斾腑鍏ㄦ渻銆婇棞(gu膩n)浜庡埗瀹氬湅姘戠稉(j墨ng)婵熷拰绀炬渻鐧�(f膩)灞曠鍗佷竴鍊嬩簲骞磋(gu墨)鍔冪殑寤鸿銆嬩腑鏄庣⒑瑕佹妸绡€(ji茅)绱勮硣婧愪綔鐐哄熀鏈湅绛�锛岀櫦(f膩)灞曞惊鐠�(hu谩n)缍�(j墨ng)婵�锛屼繚璀风敓鎱�(t脿i)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冿紝鍔犲揩寤鸿ō璩囨簮绡€(ji茅)绱勫瀷銆佺挵(hu谩n)澧冨弸濂藉瀷绀炬渻锛屼績閫茬稉(j墨ng)婵熺櫦(f膩)灞曡垏浜哄彛銆佽硣婧�銆佺挵(hu谩n)澧冪浉鍗�(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)銆�

    2006骞淬€婂湅姘戠稉(j墨ng)婵熷拰绀炬渻鐧�(f膩)灞曠鍗佷竴鍊嬩簲骞磋(gu墨)鍔冪侗瑕併€嬩腑寮疯(di脿o)锛�“蹇呴爤鍔犲揩杞�(zhu菐n)璁婄稉(j墨ng)婵熷闀锋柟寮�銆傝鎶婄瘈(ji茅)绱勮硣婧愪綔鐐哄熀鏈湅绛�锛岀櫦(f膩)灞曞惊鐠�(hu谩n)缍�(j墨ng)婵�锛屼繚璀风敓鎱�(t脿i)鐠�(hu谩n)澧�锛屽姞蹇缓瑷硣婧愮瘈(ji茅)绱勫瀷锛岀挵(hu谩n)澧冨弸濂藉瀷绀炬渻锛屼績閫茬稉(j墨ng)婵熺櫦(f膩)灞曡垏浜哄彛锛岃硣婧�锛岀挵(hu谩n)澧冪浉鍗�(xi茅)瑾�(di脿o)”銆�

    2007骞村崄涓冨ぇ鍫卞憡閫蹭竴姝ユ彁鍑�锛屽爡鎸佺瘈(ji茅)绱勮硣婧愬拰淇濊鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑鍩烘湰鍦嬬瓥锛屾槸闂�(gu膩n)绯讳汉姘戠兢鐪惧垏韬埄鐩婂拰涓彲姘戞棌鐢熷瓨鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑澶у晱椤�锛屽繀闋堟妸寤鸿ō璩囨簮绡€(ji茅)绱勫瀷銆佺挵(hu谩n)澧冨弸濂藉瀷绀炬渻鏀惧湪宸ユキ(y猫)鍖�銆佺従(xi脿n)浠ｅ寲鐧�(f膩)灞曟埌(zh脿n)鐣ョ殑绐佸嚭浣嶇疆锛岃惤瀵﹀埌姣忓€嬪柈浣�銆佹瘡鍊嬪搴�銆傚湪2008骞�4鏈�1鏃ユ寮忓鏂界殑銆婄瘈(ji茅)绱勮兘婧愭硶銆嬬殑绗洓姊濇槑纰鸿(gu墨)瀹氾細“绡€(ji茅)绱勮硣婧愭槸鎴戝湅鐨勫熀鏈湅绛�銆傚湅瀹跺鏂界瘈(ji茅)绱勮垏闁嬬櫦(f膩)骞惰垑銆佹妸绡€(ji茅)绱勬斁鍦ㄩ浣嶇殑鑳芥簮鐧�(f膩)灞曟埌(zh脿n)鐣�”銆傛剰鍛宠憲浼撮毃绉戝鐧�(f膩)灞曡鐨勬繁鍏ヨ搏寰�锛岀瘈(ji茅)鑳界殑鎴�(zh脿n)鐣ュ湴浣嶄竴娆″張涓€娆″湴寰楀埌寮峰寲銆傜瘈(ji茅)鑳藉凡鎴愮偤璨竟绉戝鐧�(f膩)灞曡銆佽綁(zhu菐n)璁婄稉(j墨ng)婵熺櫦(f膩)灞曟柟寮忕殑鍏烽珨楂旂従(xi脿n)銆�

    1.2 绡€(ji茅)鑳借(gu墨)鍔冩垚鐐虹ぞ鏈冪稉(j墨ng)婵熺櫦(f膩)灞曡(gu墨)鍔冪殑閲嶈绲勬垚閮ㄥ垎锛岀瘈(ji茅)鑳界洰妯欐垚鐐哄湅姘戠稉(j墨ng)婵熺櫦(f膩)灞曠殑绱勬潫鎬х洰妯欎箣涓€

    寰�1981骞磋捣锛屾垜鍦嬬涓€娆″皣绡€(ji茅)鑳借▓鍔冪磵鍏ュ埌鍦嬫皯缍�(j墨ng)婵熷拰绀炬渻鐧�(f膩)灞曚腑闀锋湡瑷堝妰鍜屽勾搴﹁▓鍔冧腑锛屾湁瑷堝妰銆佹湁姝ラ鍦伴枊灞曚簡绡€(ji茅)鑳藉伐浣�銆傚湪鍒跺畾“鍏簲”绡€(ji茅)鑳借▓鍔冧腑锛岄枊濮嬫懜绱㈠缓绔嬪伐妤�(y猫)鐢�(ch菐n)鍊艰兘鑰椼€佷富瑕佺敘(ch菐n)鍝佸柈鑰�銆佹帾鏂界瘈(ji茅)鑳借兘鍔�3鍊嬫柟闈㈠灞ゆ鐨勭瘈(ji茅)鑳借▓鍔冩寚妯欙紝閫愭褰㈡垚浜嗘垜鍦嬬瘈(ji茅)鑳借▓鍔冮珨绯荤殑闆涘舰銆傚湪浜斿勾鍜屽勾搴︾瘈(ji茅)鑳借▓鍔冧腑锛屽ぇ閮ㄥ垎鏄寚灏庢€ф寚妯欙紝閭勬湁涓€閮ㄥ垎鏄寚浠ゆ€ф寚妯�銆傚湪闋嗗埄鍩�(zh铆)琛�“鍏簲”绡€(ji茅)鑳借(gu墨)鍔冪殑鍩虹涓�锛屽厛鍚庡畬鎴愪簡“涓冧簲”銆�“鍏簲”銆�“涔濅簲”銆�“鍗佷簲”銆�“鍗佷竴浜�”绡€(ji茅)鑳借(gu墨)鍔冪殑绶ㄥ埗宸ヤ綔锛岃秴椤嶅畬鎴愪簡姣忓€嬭(gu墨)鍔冩湡鐨勭瘈(ji茅)鑳戒换鍕�銆�

    2006骞撮爳甯冪殑銆婂湅姘戠稉(j墨ng)婵熷拰绀炬渻鐧�(f膩)灞曠鍗佷竴鍊嬩簲骞磋(gu墨)鍔冪侗瑕併€�锛屾彁鍑轰簡“鍗佷竴浜�”鏈熼枔鍠綅鍦嬪収(n猫i)鐢熺敘(ch菐n)绺藉€艰兘婧愭秷鑰楅檷浣�20锛呭乏鍙崇殑鐩锛岀瘈(ji茅)鑳界洰妯欑涓€娆℃垚鐐虹ぞ鏈冪稉(j墨ng)婵熺櫦(f膩)灞曠殑绱勬潫鎬ф寚妯�锛屽苟瑕佹眰灏囩瘈(ji茅)鑳芥寚妯欏畬鎴愭儏娉佺磵鍏ヤ簡闋樺皫骞查儴鏀跨妇鑰冩牳涓�銆�

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    鏀垮簻鐨勯珮搴﹂噸瑕�锛屽法澶х殑绡€(ji茅)鑳藉競鍫撮渶姹�锛岃秺渚嗚秺濂界殑鏀跨瓥鐠�(hu谩n)澧冿紝浠ュ強鏈夊姏鐨勫湅闅涙彺鍔╋紝鐐烘垜鍦嬬瘈(ji茅)鑳芥湇鍕欑敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曟彁渚涗簡闈炲父鏈夊埄鐨勬浠�銆傚湪涓栬/GEF涓湅绡€(ji茅)鑳戒績閫查爡鐩敮鎸佷笅锛岄爡鐩竴鏈熷皪“鍚堝悓鑳芥簮绠＄悊”姗熷埗閫茶浜嗘垚鍔熺ず鑼�锛岄爡鐩簩鏈熸敮鎸佹垚绔嬩簡绡€(ji茅)鑳芥湇鍕欑敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)濮斿摗鏈�(绨＄ūEMCA)銆�2007骞�锛孍MCA鏈冨摗鍠綅瓒呴亷300瀹�锛屽叾涓�91瀹跺叕鍙哥偤瀹㈡埗瀵︽柦鍚堝悓鑳芥簮绠＄悊闋呯洰锛屽叾鎶曡硣绺介鐐�67鍎勫厓浜烘皯骞�銆傝嚦2007骞村簳锛岀疮瑷堟湁108鍊嬬瘈(ji茅)鑳藉瓙闋呯洰鐛插緱浜嗘摂淇濇敮鎸�锛岀疮瑷堟摂淇濋閬斿埌3.6鍎勫厓浜烘皯骞�锛屼績閫蹭簡绺芥姇璩�5.8鍎勫厓浜烘皯骞ｇ殑鍚堝悓鑳芥簮绠＄悊闋呯洰銆傚湪绡€(ji茅)鑳芥湇鍕欑敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鐧�(f膩)灞曞／澶х殑鍚屾檪锛�“鍚堝悓鑳芥簮绠＄悊”姗熷埗鐨勫晢鍕欐ā寮忎篃鍦ㄥ韪愪腑寰楀埌浜嗙櫦(f膩)灞曞拰鍓�(chu脿ng)鏂�銆傞櫎浜嗘棭鏈熺ず鑼�(涓夊绀鸿寖EMC鍏徃)鐨�“绡€(ji茅)鑳芥晥鐩婂垎浜瀷”鍟嗗嫏妯″紡浠ュ锛岀洰鍓嶇殑瑷卞鏂拌垐鐨勭瘈(ji茅)鑳芥湇鍕欏叕鍙搁枊濮嬮噰鐢�“绡€(ji茅)鑳介噺淇濊瓑鍨�”銆�“鑳芥簮璨荤敤鎵樼鍨�”绛夊晢鍕欐ā寮�锛屽苟鍦ㄦ鍩虹涓婇€愭几鐧�(f膩)灞曟垚鐐哄绋京鍚堟ā寮�銆傜瘈(ji茅)鑳芥湇鍕欑敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)宸查’绀哄嚭寮峰ぇ鐨勭敓鍛藉姏銆�
 

    1.4 鑳芥簮绠＄悊鍩虹宸ヤ綔鎸佺簩(x霉)鍔犲挤

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    鐩墠鍦嬪绲�(t菕ng)瑷堝眬宸插缓绔嬩簡GDP鑳借€楁寚妯欏叕鍫卞埗搴�锛屽凡鍚戠ぞ鏈冨叕甯冧簡2007骞村叏鍦嬪拰鍚勫湴鐨勮惉鍏僄DP鑳借€楃瓑鎸囨銆傚悓鏅�锛屽湅瀹剁当(t菕ng)瑷堝眬閭勫缓绔嬩簡鍗冨浼佹キ(y猫)鑳芥簮绲�(t菕ng)瑷堢洿鍫辩郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屼互鍙婂叏鍦嬪勾鑰楄兘1钀瑃ce浠ヤ笂鐨勯噸榛炶€楄兘浼佹キ(y猫)鐨勮兘婧愮当(t菕ng)瑷堝牨琛ㄥ埗搴﹀拰鑳芥簮娑堣不鏁�(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鏀堕泦娓犻亾銆傜禃澶ч儴鍒嗗湴甯傜礆绲�(t菕ng)瑷堝眬宸插埗瀹氫簡鏈湴鍗€(q奴)鐨勮兘婧愬钩琛¤〃锛岀偤寤虹珛鍦板競绱欸DP鑳借€楁寚妯欏叕鍫卞埗搴﹀瀹氫簡鍩虹銆傚ぇ澶氭暩(sh霉)鍗冨浼佹キ(y猫)鍔犲挤浜嗙瘈(ji茅)鑳借兘鍔涘缓瑷拰鍩虹宸ヤ綔锛岃ō绔嬭兘婧愮鐞嗗礂浣�锛屽缓绔嬭兘婧愮当(t菕ng)瑷堣嚭甯冲埗搴�銆�